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Chup Tazia
Chup Tazia () or silent ''tazia'' is the name given to religious processions held mostly on 8th of Rabi' al-awwal by Twelver Shia Muslims in India and Pakistan to commemorate the death of Imam Hasan al-Askari, the eleventh of the Twelver Shi'a Imams.〔(Census of India, 1961, Volume 1, Issue 3 ), Manager of Publications, Office of the Registrar General of India〕 The procession is usually regarded as the last procession of the mourning period that begins in the Islamic month of Muharram.〔(Palace culture of Lucknow ), Amir Hasan, B.R. Pub. Corp., 1983〕
==Origin in Lucknow==
The procession under the name of ''Chup Tazia'' have originated in the Indian city of Lucknow before spreading to other parts of South Asia. The procession dates back to nawabi era and was started by Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan Sahukat Yar Jung a descendent of Bahu Begum. It is one of the most important processions of azadari in Lucknow and is currently one of the nine allowed processions.〔(twocircles.net, ''Before Muharram begins, gloom descends on Old Lucknow'', 7 December 2010 )〕 During nineteenth century this procession of Nawab Aggan Mian's family which earlier was raised on the day of ''Chehlum'' (20th Safar) was shifted to eighteenth day of ''Chehlum'' i.e. 8th of Rabi' al-awwal.〔(Lucknow, the historic city ), W. H. Siddiqi, Sundeep Prakashan, 2000, Study of Lucknow's monuments based on historical facts, and with descriptions of salient architectural features〕 This last mourning procession taken out on the morning of 8th of Rabi' al-awwal,〔〔(The Shi'a of India ), John Norman Hollister, Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, 1953〕 includes ''alam'', ''zari'' and ''tazia'', originates from Imambara Nazim Saheb in Victoria street and moves in complete silence while passes through Patanala until it terminates at Karbala Kazmain, where the colossal black ''tazia'' is buried.〔〔(Lucknow monuments ), Yogeśa Pravīna, Pnar Publications, 1989〕〔(Aag ka darya ), Qurratulʻain Ḥaidar, Oxford University Press, 01-Jan-1999〕 On 26 May 1969, after a series of fairly serious clashes and murders, another riot broke out when a Shia ''Alam'' and ''Chup Tazia'' procession which had passed through the predominantly Sunni mohallas of Pul Ghulam and Mahmoodnagar almost peacefully was suddenly brick-batted from a Sunni mosque as the procession reached Mahmoodnagar.〔(Islamic society and culture: essays in honour of Professor Aziz Ahmad ), ʻAzīz Aḥmad, Milton Israel, Manohar, 1983, Collection of articles honoring Aziz Ahmad, 1913-1978, historian of Muslim life and Culture.〕〔(Violence erupts ), Sugata Dasgupta, Dileep Padgaonker, Radha Krishna, 1978〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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